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Within higher income nations the leading causes of CKD are more clear. In the United States a majority of adults currently have CKD or are at risk for CKD.

CKD Risk Factor (percentage of American adults)

• Prediabetes (26%)[3]
• Diabetes (9.4%)[3]
• Cardiovascular Disease (48%)[4]
• Obesity (42.4%)[5]
• And High Blood Pressure (48%)[6]

A selection of these conditions feed into actual causes of CKD (or are the causes themselves). These include:

CKD Cause (percentage of American adults)

• Diabetes Type 1 or Type 2 (9.4%)[3]
• High Blood Pressure (48%)[6]
• Polycystic kidney disease (.3%)[7]
• Glomerulonephritis
• Interstitial nephritis
• Vesicoureteral
• Obstruction of urinary tract, kidney stones, some cancers
• Recurrent kidney infections

While CKD can be managed medically and through lifestyle changes, one of the largest issues with renal health outcomes in America is the lack of knowledge about personal renal health. Of American adults with CKD, 9 out of 10 don’t know they have it. [8]